Definitions+of+Terms

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= Definition of Terms =

[|Access Canada] : "a gateway to gateways. It does not rewrite what others have already written and complied, but provides an easy means of discovering what there is. Compiling and editing Access Canada has, however, revealed apparent gaps in the information network, and hopes that, by identifying these gaps, the means can soon be found to fill them."

[|Access Copyright] : "Access © or Access Copyright is the operating name of a Canadian business corporation whose official registration name is The Canadian Copyright Licensing Agency (formerly Cancopy). This is a not-for-profit copyright collective that collects revenues from licensed Canadian businesses, government, schools, libraries and other copyright users for the photocopying of print works and distributes those monies to the rightsholders of those works, such as publishers and authors from Canada and around the world."

[|Authorship] : ”An **author** (sometimes, in reference to a //woman// author, **authress** or **authoress**) is broadly defined as "the person who originates or gives existence to anything" and that authorship determines responsibility for what is created. Narrowly defined, an author is the originator of any written work." In addition there is information related to Legal significance of authorship as it relates to Copyright law."Holding the title of "author" over any "literary, dramatic, musical, artistic, [or] certain other intellectual works" give rights to this person, the owner of the copyright, exclusive right to do jujor authorize any production or distribution of their work. Any person or entity wishing to use intellectual property held under copyright must receive permission from the copyright holder to use this work, and often will be asked to pay for the use of copyrighted material."

[|Copyright] : The right of an author or his assigned, under statute to print and publish his literary or artistic work exclusively of all other persons, the right maybe had in maps, charts, engravings, plays and musical compositions as well as books.

[|Copyright notice]: an identifier placed on copies of the work to inform the world of copyright ownership that generally consists of the symbol or word "copyright (or copr.)", the name of the copyright owner, and the year of first publication, e.g., 2008 John Doe. While use of a copyright notice was once required as a condition of copyright protection, it is now optional. Use of the notice is the responsibility of the copyright owner and does not require advance permission from, or registration with, the Copyright Office.

[|Copyright infringement]: "occurs when a copyrighted work is reproduced, distributed, performed, publicly displayed, or made into a derivative work without the persmission of the copyright owner".

[|Creative Commons] : " is a non-profit organization headquartered in San Francisco, California, United States devoted to expanding the range of creative works available for others to build upon legally and to share.[1] The organization has released several copyright-licenses known as Creative Commons licenses for free to the public. These licenses allow creators to communicate which rights they reserve, and which rights they waive for the benefit of recipients or other creators. An easy to understand one-page explanation of rights, with associated visual symbols, explains the specifics of each Creative Commons license."

[|Digital Copyright]

Laws that protect the use and transmission of online content. For Canadian teachers, the online booklet "Copyright Matters!" outlines Canadian copyright laws, restrictions and exceptions for educators.

[|Digital locks]: "provisions enable a copyright to place a "lock" on their content which control access to that content and acts to prohibit certain reproductions"

[|Fair dealings] "is a doctrine of limitations and exceptions to copyright which is found in many of of the common law jurisdictions of the Commonwealth of Nations. It is an enumerated set of possible defenses against an action for infringement of an exclusive right of copyright."

[|Fair use]: "a legal concept that allows the reproduction of copyrighted material for certain purposes without obtaining permission and without paying a fee or royalty. Purposes permitting the application of fair use generally include review, news reporting, teaching, or scholarly research. The idea of fair use originally arose for written works. But with the advent of digital technology and the internet, fair use has sometimes been applied to the redistribution of musical works, photographs, videos, and computer programs".

[|Intellectual property]: " a term referring to a number of distinct types of creations of the mind for which property rights are recognized--and the corresponding fields of law.[1] Under intellectual property law, owners are granted certain exclusive rights to a variety of intangible assets, such as musical, literary, and artistic works; discoveries and inventions; and words, phrases, symbols, and designs. Common types of intellectual property include copyrights, trademarks, patents, industrial design rights and trade secrets in some jurisdictions."

[|Moral rights] Are subset of the rights of creators of copyrighted work, including the right of the attribution, the right to have work published anonymously or pseudonymous, and the right to the integrity of the work.

[|Ownership] Ones exclusive right of possession – free ownership not subject to restriction.

[|Peer-to-peer (P2P) networking] A type of network where computers communicate directly with each other, rather than through a central server. Often referred to simply as peer-to-peer, or abbreviated P2P, a type of network in which each workstation has equivalent capabilities and responsibilities in contrast to client/server architectures, in which some computers are dedicated to serving the other computers. A "network" is a groupt of two or more computer systems linked together by various methods. In recent usage, peer-to-peer has come to describe applications in which users can use the Internet to exchange files with each other directly or through a mediating server.

[|Public domain] "Works are in the public domain if their kind is not covered by intellectual property rights or if the intellectual property rights have expired,[62] have been forfeited, or have never been claimed. Examples include the English language"

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